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Sunday, October 20, 2013

Talaga Jr. V. Sandiganbayan, et al., G.R. No. 169888, Nov. 11, 2008

Crim Pro - Rule 110




Facts:
Elan Recreation, Inc. filed criminal and administrative complaints against Mayor Ramon Talaga Jr. The complaints "alleged that petitioner, in his capacity as mayor of the City of Lucena, had unlawfully granted favors to a third party with respect to the operation of bingo games in the city, to the damage and prejudice of the complainants".

The administrative case was dismissed but the criminal charges were retained and filed by the Office of the Special Prosecutor. Three informations were filed against Talaga Jr. in violation of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act or R.A. 3019. Later, only one of the informations was retained which alleges that Talaga Jr. gave "unwarranted benefits to Jose Sy Bang by approving an ordinance granting to Sy Bang a local franchise to operate bingo games in the city". The prosecution moved for the petitioner's preventive suspension for ninety (90) days in accordance with Section 13 of R.A. No. 3019. The Sandiganbayan granted the motion. The petitioner, then, filed the present Petition for Certiorari with an urgent application for the issuance of a temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court.

            Petitioner contends, among other things, that the information do not constitute an offense. He claims that under R.A. No. 3019, the law which he allegedly violated, the information must allege that the acts in question "caused injury to any party, whether the government or private party."

Issue: Whether or not the information filed against the petitioner is complete and constitutes the offense to which he is being charged of.

Held: Yes. Section 3(e) of R.A. No. 3019, under which petitioner is charged, provides:

    Section 3. Corrupt practices of public officers. - In addition to acts or omissions of public officers already penalized by existing law, the following shall constitute corrupt practices of any public officer and are hereby declared to be unlawful:
    x x x
    (e) Causing any undue injury to any party, including the Government, or giving any private party any unwarranted benefits, advantage or preference in the discharge of his official, administrative or judicial functions through manifest partiality, evident bad faith or gross inexcusable negligence. This provision shall apply to officers and employees charged with the grant of licenses or permits or other concessions.

Contrary to the argument of petitioner, the law does not require that the information must allege that the acts in question "caused injury to any party, whether the government or private party." The presence of the word "or" clearly shows that there are two acts which can be prosecuted under Section 3: First, causing any undue injury to any party, including the government, and, Second, giving any private party any unwarranted benefits, advantages or preference. Moreover, in Quibal v. Sandiganbayan,30 the Court ruled that violation of Section 3 (e) of R.A. No. 3019 requires proof of the following facts:

    1. His action caused undue injury to the Government or any private party, or gave any party any unwarranted benefit, advantage or preference to such parties.

Section 9, Rule 110, Rules of Court provides the guideline for the determination of the validity or sufficiency of allegations in an information, to wit:

    SECTION 9. Cause of the Accusation. - The acts or omissions complained of as constituting the offense and the qualifying and aggravating circumstances must be stated in ordinary and concise language and not necessarily in the language used in the statute but in terms sufficient to enable a person of common understanding to know what offense is being charged as well as its qualifying and aggravating circumstances and for the court to pronounce judgment.

The test is whether the crime is described in intelligible terms with such particularity as to appraise the accused, with reasonable certainty, of the offense charged. The raison d'etre of the rule is to enable the accused to suitably prepare his defense.

Based on the foregoing test, the Information sufficiently apprises petitioner of the charges against him. The Information charged the petitioner of evident bad faith and manifest partiality when as Mayor of Lucena City, petitioner, in conspiracy with the City Council, gave unwarranted benefits to Jose Sy Bang. Moreover, it states the specific act which constituted the giving of unwarranted benefits, namely, granting unto the said Jose Sy Bang a local franchise to operate a bingo business in Lucena City in violation of existing laws. These allegations are clear enough for a layman to understand.

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