Facts:
On January 16, 2007, an Information
was filed against Jose Antonio Leviste charging him with homicide for the death
of Rafael de las Alas on January 12, 2007 before the RTC of Makati. The private
complainants-heirs of de las Alas filed an Urgent Omnibus Motion praying for
the deferment of the proceedings to allow the public prosecutor to re-examine
the evidence on record or to conduct a reinvestigation to determine the proper
offense. The RTC thereafter issued the Order granting the motion by the
complainants, thus, allowing the prosecution to conduct a reinvestigation.
Later, the trial court issued the other order that admitted the Amended
Information for murder and directed the issuance of a warrant of arrest.
Petitioner questioned these two orders before the appellate court.
Upon arraignment, the petitioner refused to plead. The trial court entered the
plea of "not guilty" for him. Prior to this, the petitioner filed an
Urgent Application for Admission to Bail Ex Abundanti Cautela, which the trial
court granted on the ground that the evidence of guilt of the crime of murder
is not strong. The trial court went on to try the petitioner under the Amended
Information. Then, the trial court found the petitioner guilty of homicide.
From the trial court's decision, the petitioner filed an appeal to the CA. The
appellate court confirmed the decision of the trial court. The petitioner's
motion for reconsideration was denied. Hence, this petition to the SC.
Issue: Whether or not the amendment of the
Information from homicide to murder is considered a substantial amendment,
which would make it not just a right but a duty of the prosecution to ask for a
preliminary investigation.
Held: Yes. A substantial amendment
consists of the recital of facts constituting the offense charged and
determinative of the jurisdiction of the court. All other matters are merely of
form. The test as to whether a defendant is prejudiced by the amendment is
whether a defense under the information as it originally stood would be
available after the amendment is made, and whether any evidence defendant might
have would be equally applicable to the information in the one form as in the
other.
An amendment to an information which
does not change the nature of the crime alleged therein does not affect the
essence of the offense or cause surprise or deprive the accused of an
opportunity to meet the new averment had each been held to be one of form and
not of substance. here is no substantial distinction between a preliminary
investigation and a reinvestigation since both are conducted in the same manner
and for the same objective of determining whether there exists sufficient
ground to engender a well-founded belief that a crime has been committed and
the respondent is probably guilty thereof and should be held for trial.
What is essential is that petitioner
was placed on guard to defend himself from the charge of murder after the
claimed circumstances were made known to him as early as the first motion.
Petitioner did not, however, make much of the opportunity to present
countervailing evidence on the proposed amended charge. Despite notice of
hearing, petitioner opted to merely observe the proceedings and declined to
actively participate, even with extreme caution, in the reinvestigation.
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